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Brief history of the city of Odessa
According to many historians in the ancient era, around the VI-th century BC on the lands of the Northern Black Sea region, there were many settlements founded by the Greeks. There is a written mention that in the II-th century before the Birth of Christ, in the place where Odessa is today, there was a small settlement-Istrian, which was a haven for ships of Istrian sailors. But in the third and fourth centuries of our era, during the global processes of the great migration of peoples, the Northern shores of the Black Sea were devastated, and numerous settlements were looted, destroyed and consigned to oblivion.
In the XIII century, when the power of Byzantium weakened, Italian merchants tried to gain a foothold on the northern shores of the Black Sea, establishing small towns and settlements here. What was built on the site of the Greek colony of Istrian is not known for certain. On the maps found by Italian navigators of that period, the coast in this area was called "Ginestra". Most likely, it was an ordinary harbor or anchorage.
There are two main versions about the foundation of the settlement of Hadjibey. According to one — the settlement was founded by the Tatars in the middle of the XIV century. According to the second, the settlement was founded by the Lithuanians during the reign of Vytautas (1392-1430), when the Northern Black Sea region became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Around the beginning of the 1760s, the Turks built a small fortress in the settlement of Hadjibey. Russian Russian troops under the command of General Osip Mikhailovich Deribas captured the fortress during the Russo-Turkish War in September 1789. Khadjibey became part of the Russian Empire And finally it went to Russia, according to the Yassky Peace Treaty of 1791.
Initially, after the conclusion of the Peace of Yass, it was supposed to populate Hadjibey with retired sailors of the Mediterranean rowing flotilla.
But this project was soon abandoned. And instead, in 1793, it was decided to include the fortress of Hadzhibey in the III-th defensive line, or, as it was also called, the Dniester line.
This line of defense was to cover the new Russian border from the side of Bessarabia and it was to include 3 fortresses: Tiraspol, Ovidiopol and Hadzhibey. Therefore, it was decided to build a fortress here and make the Khadjibey raid a parking place for the Black Sea Rowing Flotilla.
General supervision of the construction of fortresses was entrusted to A.V. Suvorov. Vice-Admiral de Ribas and Engineer de Vollan were appointed builders of the fortresses. The project of the fortress, proposed by de Volan, was supposed to create a fortress here for 120 guns and 2000 people of the garrison.
The construction began immediately, up to 800 soldiers worked daily, and by the end of 1793 the outlines of the fortress were already visible. Thus, Khajibey was transformed into a purely military city. At the beginning of 1794, 2 Musketeer and 2 grenadier regiments arrived in Hadjibey for the needs of the fleet.
It was at this moment that a radical revolution in the development of Hadjibei took place. In its place, they decided to build a military and commercial port on the Black Sea. The original plans were to build such a port in Kherson or Nikolaev, but the freezing and shallow river mouths in those cities forced us to look for another place. The merit of de Ribas and de Volan is that they understood for themselves and convinced Catherine II that there is no better place than Hadjibey.
On May 27 (June 7), 1794, the Highest Rescript of the establishment of the city and port in Hadjibey followed. The new city was given privileges: exemption for 10 years from taxes, military posts, granting loans from the treasury to settlers for the first acquisition, allowing sectarians to perform their services and build their churches.
On August 22 (September 2), 1794, the stone foundations of the first city and port buildings were laid in a solemn atmosphere. This date is September 2, 1794, and is the city's birthday.
In May 1794, the project of the pier and the city was approved, on September 2 of the same year, in a solemn atmosphere, the stone foundations of the future city were laid.
On February 7, 1795, at the behest of the Empress Catherine II, the port city of Hadjibey was renamed. Following the example of other cities of the Black Sea region, it received the ancient Greek name – Odessa. The name was chosen by the empress herself, as a derivative of the feminine gender from the ancient Hellenic settlement of Odissos (Odissos).
In 1795, the new port was already receiving ships. The new life of the city as a commercial port began. The city has become the largest foreign trade center in Russia. The Russian Empire.
Since the completion of the port, the rapid, unstoppable development of Odessa, which turned out to be extremely well located geographically, began.
In one 19th century, it turned from a small settlement into a huge center of trade, science and industry. If in 1793 the population numbered about one hundred inhabitants (without military and construction workers), then in 1799 there were already four thousand, and in 1820-sixty thousand.
To the centenary of the foundation (in 1894) Odessa was on the fourth place in the Russian Empire in terms of the number of inhabitants and the level of economic development.
A third of the city's population consisted of Jews and foreigners: Greeks, French, Moldovans, and Germans.
The first leaders of Odessa are: Don Jose de Ribas, Duke Armand de Richelieu, Count Alexander Langeron, Prince Mikhail Vorontsov and Grigory Marazli.
In 1900, Odessans erected monuments to those who stood at the origins of the birth of the city. To the commander-in-chief of the army, Prince Grigory Potemkin-Tavrichesky, the chief commander of the region, Count Platon Zubov, the head of the assault on Hadzhibey and the chief chief of the city and port under construction, Osip Deribas, the author and first performer of the project of the future Odessa, Franz de Volan, and, of course, Catherine the Second.
Today, Odessa is a major administrative center of Ukraine, with a population of more than a million inhabitants, and the commercial sea port is one of the main economic attractions of the city.
But the main Odessa brand is, of course, humor. Odessans believe that the rapid flowering of humor is directly related to the mild climate, the presence of the sea and the national diversity of the population. It is said that Odessa at different times was inhabited by people of 150 nationalities. Each spoke a different language, and everyone understood each other.
Brief history of the city of Odessa
According to many historians in the ancient era, around the VI-th century BC on the lands of the Northern Black Sea region, there were many settlements founded by the Greeks. There is a written mention that in the II-th century before the Birth of Christ, in the place where Odessa is today, there was a small settlement-Istrian, which was a haven for ships of Istrian sailors. But in the third and fourth centuries of our era, during the global processes of the great migration of peoples, the Northern shores of the Black Sea were devastated, and numerous settlements were looted, destroyed and consigned to oblivion.
In the XIII century, when the power of Byzantium weakened, Italian merchants tried to gain a foothold on the northern shores of the Black Sea, establishing small towns and settlements here. What was built on the site of the Greek colony of Istrian is not known for certain. On the maps found by Italian navigators of that period, the coast in this area was called "Ginestra". Most likely, it was an ordinary harbor or anchorage.
There are two main versions about the foundation of the settlement of Hadjibey. According to one — the settlement was founded by the Tatars in the middle of the XIV century. According to the second, the settlement was founded by the Lithuanians during the reign of Vytautas (1392-1430), when the Northern Black Sea region became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Around the beginning of the 1760s, the Turks built a small fortress in the settlement of Hadjibey. Russian Russian troops under the command of General Osip Mikhailovich Deribas captured the fortress during the Russo-Turkish War in September 1789. Khadjibey became part of the Russian Empire And finally it went to Russia, according to the Yassky Peace Treaty of 1791.
Initially, after the conclusion of the Peace of Yass, it was supposed to populate Hadjibey with retired sailors of the Mediterranean rowing flotilla.
But this project was soon abandoned. And instead, in 1793, it was decided to include the fortress of Hadzhibey in the III-th defensive line, or, as it was also called, the Dniester line.
This line of defense was to cover the new Russian border from the side of Bessarabia and it was to include 3 fortresses: Tiraspol, Ovidiopol and Hadzhibey. Therefore, it was decided to build a fortress here and make the Khadjibey raid a parking place for the Black Sea Rowing Flotilla.
General supervision of the construction of fortresses was entrusted to A.V. Suvorov. Vice-Admiral de Ribas and Engineer de Vollan were appointed builders of the fortresses. The project of the fortress, proposed by de Volan, was supposed to create a fortress here for 120 guns and 2000 people of the garrison.
The construction began immediately, up to 800 soldiers worked daily, and by the end of 1793 the outlines of the fortress were already visible. Thus, Khajibey was transformed into a purely military city. At the beginning of 1794, 2 Musketeer and 2 grenadier regiments arrived in Hadjibey for the needs of the fleet.
It was at this moment that a radical revolution in the development of Hadjibei took place. In its place, they decided to build a military and commercial port on the Black Sea. The original plans were to build such a port in Kherson or Nikolaev, but the freezing and shallow river mouths in those cities forced us to look for another place. The merit of de Ribas and de Volan is that they understood for themselves and convinced Catherine II that there is no better place than Hadjibey.
On May 27 (June 7), 1794, the Highest Rescript of the establishment of the city and port in Hadjibey followed. The new city was given privileges: exemption for 10 years from taxes, military posts, granting loans from the treasury to settlers for the first acquisition, allowing sectarians to perform their services and build their churches.
On August 22 (September 2), 1794, the stone foundations of the first city and port buildings were laid in a solemn atmosphere. This date is September 2, 1794, and is the city's birthday.
In May 1794, the project of the pier and the city was approved, on September 2 of the same year, in a solemn atmosphere, the stone foundations of the future city were laid.
On February 7, 1795, at the behest of the Empress Catherine II, the port city of Hadjibey was renamed. Following the example of other cities of the Black Sea region, it received the ancient Greek name – Odessa. The name was chosen by the empress herself, as a derivative of the feminine gender from the ancient Hellenic settlement of Odissos (Odissos).
In 1795, the new port was already receiving ships. The new life of the city as a commercial port began. The city has become the largest foreign trade center in Russia. The Russian Empire.
Since the completion of the port, the rapid, unstoppable development of Odessa, which turned out to be extremely well located geographically, began.
In one 19th century, it turned from a small settlement into a huge center of trade, science and industry. If in 1793 the population numbered about one hundred inhabitants (without military and construction workers), then in 1799 there were already four thousand, and in 1820-sixty thousand.
To the centenary of the foundation (in 1894) Odessa was on the fourth place in the Russian Empire in terms of the number of inhabitants and the level of economic development.
A third of the city's population consisted of Jews and foreigners: Greeks, French, Moldovans, and Germans.
The first leaders of Odessa are: Don Jose de Ribas, Duke Armand de Richelieu, Count Alexander Langeron, Prince Mikhail Vorontsov and Grigory Marazli.
In 1900, Odessans erected monuments to those who stood at the origins of the birth of the city. To the commander-in-chief of the army, Prince Grigory Potemkin-Tavrichesky, the chief commander of the region, Count Platon Zubov, the head of the assault on Hadzhibey and the chief chief of the city and port under construction, Osip Deribas, the author and first performer of the project of the future Odessa, Franz de Volan, and, of course, Catherine the Second.
Today, Odessa is a major administrative center of Ukraine, with a population of more than a million inhabitants, and the commercial sea port is one of the main economic attractions of the city.
But the main Odessa brand is, of course, humor. Odessans believe that the rapid flowering of humor is directly related to the mild climate, the presence of the sea and the national diversity of the population. It is said that Odessa at different times was inhabited by people of 150 nationalities. Each spoke a different language, and everyone understood each other.
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