Web Cam in real time with a view of the Lenin square in Petrozavodsk. Over its more than two hundred-year history, the square has changed its name several times. Originally, the square was called Round square. It was also called Circular or semi-Circular.
Most Petrozavodsk residents will answer the question of where the historical center of Petrozavodsk is located: on Lenin square. Why? After all, the historical center is the place "where the city came from", the place where its first buildings were built, where the geographical point with the name Petrozavodsk was born. Petrovsky metallurgical, cannon and weapons factories, which gave the name to our city, were laid on the banks of the salmon river downstream-at the dam, which now leads to the street Lunacharsky Kirov square. The settlement at Petrovskiye Zavody quickly became one of the largest settlements in the North-West of Russia. But when the Petrovsky factories, having worked since 1703 for thirty years, ceased to exist, immediately almost tripled the population of the settlement. The former factory settlement remained only a settlement for a long time. It was only after the construction and launch of the Alexander cannon factory (on the territory of the present OTZ), in 1777, by Decree of Catherine II, that Petrozavodsk Sloboda received the status of a city. The administrative center of the new city became the Round square, the current Lenin square.
The history of the Round square is inextricably linked with the name of the Builder of the Alexander plant, the head of the Olonets mining plants at that time, the brilliant mining engineer Anikita Sergeevich Yartsov. This was an enlightened man, close in his views to Lomonosov, Novikov, Radishchev and other leading people of the second half of the XVIII century. The plans of Petrozavodsk in 1774 and 1782, developed by A. Yartsov in connection with the construction of the Alexander plant, determined the territorial development of Petrozavodsk, its scale and character for almost a century and a half ahead. Drawing a plan for the placement of buildings and dams of the plant, A. Yartsov proposed a design solution for new blocks of civil development of the city. He mapped out the location of the Circular square, giving it exactly this shape, and connected it with two streets-rays with the new factory and with the old city center. The fact is that the site of the new square at the time of construction of the Alexander plant was only a pine forest on the steep Bank of the salmon river, while the center of the settlement was located in the area of the current Kirov square. There were two churches, there was a school and a technical school, Gostiny Dvor, there was a birch grove planted by Peter I around his former Palace, and there A. Yartsov built himself a "commander's house", dismantling the remains of an abandoned wooden Palace.
Yartsov built a new square - a Round one-in the immediate vicinity of the new plant. (A. S. Yartsov's Plan. One thousand seven hundred seventy four ) And this is not surprising, since the new 8 buildings, which were built "according to the compass", housed the factory office, commander's house, archives, laboratory, carpentry and modeling, drawing schools, pharmacy - everything necessary for the management of the plant and its functioning. Almost Round square was built not as a city, but as a factory administrative center in parallel with the construction of the plant.
This was an architectural complex that had never been seen before, embodying the principles of "enlightened management", which Yartsov laid down as the basis for all his activities in the Olonets region. Among the eight relatively small, beautiful buildings, there was no dominant factory management building, as was customary. There were three symmetrical buildings on each side of the square, which was open to the Lososinka area where the factory was located. Two Central buildings with four-column porticos were shaped like slightly elongated rectangles, and the rest determined the direction of the streets that flowed into the square. In addition, at the junction of the square with the Petersburg highway (now ul. Two trapezoidal wings were built on the section from Lenin square to Lenin Ave.). These wings, also called guardhouses, are the only ones from the entire ensemble that have survived to this day in the form in which they were seen by Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, who came here as Governor. Derzhavin notes in his notes: "... in Petrozavodsk there is ... six stone one-and-a-half-story houses built by a fair amount of architecture in 1775, in which the Governor's Board, chambers and other offices were placed after the opening of the Olonets province..." here you should pay attention to the expression "one-and-a-half-story houses". Of course, these were two-story buildings, but in those days, the second floors were often built much lower in height than the first, which was reflected on the facades: the lower Windows were made "four glass", and the upper - "two glass" in height. Now this can only be seen on the guardhouses flanking the exit from PL. Lenin street In the other buildings, the Windows of the second floor were painted in the middle of the XIX century.
The development of buildings of "fair architecture" was engaged in a young architect Elizva Nazarov, who later built a lot in Moscow, a student of the great Russian architect of the XVIII century V. Bazhenov, a friend and comrade of A.Arzawa.
Since the Declaration of Petrozavodsk as a provincial city in 1784, the Alexander factory and the Round square have ceased to be a single complex. Eight buildings of the factory management are transferred to accommodate the provincial offices. Of course, these small buildings in no way satisfied the new purpose - to be the Central institutions of a huge province. G. R. Derzhavin, being the first civil Governor of our region, immediately upon arrival decided to rebuild the buildings on the square. The provincial architect Mikhail Kiselnikov completed the reconstruction project, which was carried out in 1787 - 1789. It must be said that this perestroika was performed with great tact and indicates a significant talent of the author, who stood on the positions of Russian classicism. Combining the corner buildings with the Central ones, it received two large semicircular wings that hug the square. The South-Western one became the residence of the Governor and Vice-Governor, while the other was used for offices and judicial offices. The trapezoidal wings were not reconstructed. In this form, the ensemble of the square has survived to this day almost unchanged and has always been the administrative center of the city and the region.
But at the end of the XVIII century, our Central square almost "went" to Golikovka! There is a plan of Petrozavodsk, and the first, officially approved and confirmed by Catherine II, the General plan of our city, according to which the Central institutions of the province are transferred to the right Bank of the salmon river. The spectacular straight highway, continuing the St. Petersburg highway, "shoots" from the Round square past the Alexander factory through Lososinka and ends with a new rectangular square, where the factory Church was designed in the center (now it stands there - this is the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral), and along the perimeter there were to be buildings of public offices. This plan was drawn up under the Governor-General T. I. Tutolmin, who wanted to leave the Round square exclusively for the residence of the Governor and Vice-Governor, taking the restless "presences" away for Salmon, and, as they say now, actively lobbied for this in the highest state circles. But this plan was not destined to be carried out in kind, since this is exactly the case that is being talked about: "It was smooth on paper, but we forgot about the ravines." The salmon has gullies, and what gullies! And instead of moving the square, everything was limited to the reconstruction of existing buildings. It is too convenient and somehow very centrally located Round square among the rest of the city's buildings!
In 1830, after graduating from the Moscow architectural school, the architect V. V. Tukhtarov came to Petrozavodsk. During his tenure as provincial architect, he did a lot to restore the order of dilapidated buildings on the Round square. Work was carried out to strengthen architectural structures, build stone sidewalks, a fence that connected the guardhouses with semicircular buildings, lengthen the corner wings, and partially redevelop the premises. The interiors made according to Tukhtarov's designs in the 1840s have been preserved to this day: the two-light hall of noble meetings, the Governor's office, and the round drawing room. In the center of the square was a square and acacia trees were planted.
In 1873, in connection with the 100th anniversary of the Alexander factory, a monument to Peter I was erected on the Round square by the sculptor I. N. Schroeder, the square was reconstructed, and the square received a new name-Petrovskaya. With the installation of the monument to Peter I, the ensemble of the square was finally completed - after all, even on the first detailed plans of Yartsov, a place for an obelisk was provided in the center of the "compass".
After the revolution, the square became officially known as the square on October 25, 1917. Instead of offices and the Governor's residence, the old buildings housed new institutions of the new country - the Executive Committee of the Council of workers, peasants and red army deputies of the Karelian Labor Commune and its departments, the sovnarsud and revtribunal, the state Bank branch and the military Commissariat. During the years of Soviet power, large-scale works were carried out to improve the square. In the center of it, on the site of the demolished bronze Peter, on November 7, 1933, a Grand monument to V. I. Lenin was erected, carved from granite by one of the leading sculptors of the Soviet Union - M. G. Manizer.
The size of this monument was too large for a modest two-story ensemble of the square, so the sculpture of Lenin here looks small-scale.
Most Petrozavodsk residents will answer the question of where the historical center of Petrozavodsk is located: on Lenin square. Why? After all, the historical center is the place "where the city came from", the place where its first buildings were built, where the geographical point with the name Petrozavodsk was born. Petrovsky metallurgical, cannon and weapons factories, which gave the name to our city, were laid on the banks of the salmon river downstream-at the dam, which now leads to the street Lunacharsky Kirov square. The settlement at Petrovskiye Zavody quickly became one of the largest settlements in the North-West of Russia. But when the Petrovsky factories, having worked since 1703 for thirty years, ceased to exist, immediately almost tripled the population of the settlement. The former factory settlement remained only a settlement for a long time. It was only after the construction and launch of the Alexander cannon factory (on the territory of the present OTZ), in 1777, by Decree of Catherine II, that Petrozavodsk Sloboda received the status of a city. The administrative center of the new city became the Round square, the current Lenin square.
The history of the Round square is inextricably linked with the name of the Builder of the Alexander plant, the head of the Olonets mining plants at that time, the brilliant mining engineer Anikita Sergeevich Yartsov. This was an enlightened man, close in his views to Lomonosov, Novikov, Radishchev and other leading people of the second half of the XVIII century. The plans of Petrozavodsk in 1774 and 1782, developed by A. Yartsov in connection with the construction of the Alexander plant, determined the territorial development of Petrozavodsk, its scale and character for almost a century and a half ahead. Drawing a plan for the placement of buildings and dams of the plant, A. Yartsov proposed a design solution for new blocks of civil development of the city. He mapped out the location of the Circular square, giving it exactly this shape, and connected it with two streets-rays with the new factory and with the old city center. The fact is that the site of the new square at the time of construction of the Alexander plant was only a pine forest on the steep Bank of the salmon river, while the center of the settlement was located in the area of the current Kirov square. There were two churches, there was a school and a technical school, Gostiny Dvor, there was a birch grove planted by Peter I around his former Palace, and there A. Yartsov built himself a "commander's house", dismantling the remains of an abandoned wooden Palace.
Yartsov built a new square - a Round one-in the immediate vicinity of the new plant. (A. S. Yartsov's Plan. One thousand seven hundred seventy four ) And this is not surprising, since the new 8 buildings, which were built "according to the compass", housed the factory office, commander's house, archives, laboratory, carpentry and modeling, drawing schools, pharmacy - everything necessary for the management of the plant and its functioning. Almost Round square was built not as a city, but as a factory administrative center in parallel with the construction of the plant.
This was an architectural complex that had never been seen before, embodying the principles of "enlightened management", which Yartsov laid down as the basis for all his activities in the Olonets region. Among the eight relatively small, beautiful buildings, there was no dominant factory management building, as was customary. There were three symmetrical buildings on each side of the square, which was open to the Lososinka area where the factory was located. Two Central buildings with four-column porticos were shaped like slightly elongated rectangles, and the rest determined the direction of the streets that flowed into the square. In addition, at the junction of the square with the Petersburg highway (now ul. Two trapezoidal wings were built on the section from Lenin square to Lenin Ave.). These wings, also called guardhouses, are the only ones from the entire ensemble that have survived to this day in the form in which they were seen by Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, who came here as Governor. Derzhavin notes in his notes: "... in Petrozavodsk there is ... six stone one-and-a-half-story houses built by a fair amount of architecture in 1775, in which the Governor's Board, chambers and other offices were placed after the opening of the Olonets province..." here you should pay attention to the expression "one-and-a-half-story houses". Of course, these were two-story buildings, but in those days, the second floors were often built much lower in height than the first, which was reflected on the facades: the lower Windows were made "four glass", and the upper - "two glass" in height. Now this can only be seen on the guardhouses flanking the exit from PL. Lenin street In the other buildings, the Windows of the second floor were painted in the middle of the XIX century.
The development of buildings of "fair architecture" was engaged in a young architect Elizva Nazarov, who later built a lot in Moscow, a student of the great Russian architect of the XVIII century V. Bazhenov, a friend and comrade of A.Arzawa.
Since the Declaration of Petrozavodsk as a provincial city in 1784, the Alexander factory and the Round square have ceased to be a single complex. Eight buildings of the factory management are transferred to accommodate the provincial offices. Of course, these small buildings in no way satisfied the new purpose - to be the Central institutions of a huge province. G. R. Derzhavin, being the first civil Governor of our region, immediately upon arrival decided to rebuild the buildings on the square. The provincial architect Mikhail Kiselnikov completed the reconstruction project, which was carried out in 1787 - 1789. It must be said that this perestroika was performed with great tact and indicates a significant talent of the author, who stood on the positions of Russian classicism. Combining the corner buildings with the Central ones, it received two large semicircular wings that hug the square. The South-Western one became the residence of the Governor and Vice-Governor, while the other was used for offices and judicial offices. The trapezoidal wings were not reconstructed. In this form, the ensemble of the square has survived to this day almost unchanged and has always been the administrative center of the city and the region.
But at the end of the XVIII century, our Central square almost "went" to Golikovka! There is a plan of Petrozavodsk, and the first, officially approved and confirmed by Catherine II, the General plan of our city, according to which the Central institutions of the province are transferred to the right Bank of the salmon river. The spectacular straight highway, continuing the St. Petersburg highway, "shoots" from the Round square past the Alexander factory through Lososinka and ends with a new rectangular square, where the factory Church was designed in the center (now it stands there - this is the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral), and along the perimeter there were to be buildings of public offices. This plan was drawn up under the Governor-General T. I. Tutolmin, who wanted to leave the Round square exclusively for the residence of the Governor and Vice-Governor, taking the restless "presences" away for Salmon, and, as they say now, actively lobbied for this in the highest state circles. But this plan was not destined to be carried out in kind, since this is exactly the case that is being talked about: "It was smooth on paper, but we forgot about the ravines." The salmon has gullies, and what gullies! And instead of moving the square, everything was limited to the reconstruction of existing buildings. It is too convenient and somehow very centrally located Round square among the rest of the city's buildings!
In 1830, after graduating from the Moscow architectural school, the architect V. V. Tukhtarov came to Petrozavodsk. During his tenure as provincial architect, he did a lot to restore the order of dilapidated buildings on the Round square. Work was carried out to strengthen architectural structures, build stone sidewalks, a fence that connected the guardhouses with semicircular buildings, lengthen the corner wings, and partially redevelop the premises. The interiors made according to Tukhtarov's designs in the 1840s have been preserved to this day: the two-light hall of noble meetings, the Governor's office, and the round drawing room. In the center of the square was a square and acacia trees were planted.
In 1873, in connection with the 100th anniversary of the Alexander factory, a monument to Peter I was erected on the Round square by the sculptor I. N. Schroeder, the square was reconstructed, and the square received a new name-Petrovskaya. With the installation of the monument to Peter I, the ensemble of the square was finally completed - after all, even on the first detailed plans of Yartsov, a place for an obelisk was provided in the center of the "compass".
After the revolution, the square became officially known as the square on October 25, 1917. Instead of offices and the Governor's residence, the old buildings housed new institutions of the new country - the Executive Committee of the Council of workers, peasants and red army deputies of the Karelian Labor Commune and its departments, the sovnarsud and revtribunal, the state Bank branch and the military Commissariat. During the years of Soviet power, large-scale works were carried out to improve the square. In the center of it, on the site of the demolished bronze Peter, on November 7, 1933, a Grand monument to V. I. Lenin was erected, carved from granite by one of the leading sculptors of the Soviet Union - M. G. Manizer.
The size of this monument was too large for a modest two-story ensemble of the square, so the sculpture of Lenin here looks small-scale.
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