Kaluga city is located in 188км. from Moscow and is the oldest city of Russia. 1371 the year, which is considered to be the Foundation of the city, but the exact year of Foundation is unknown. After Kaluga became part of the Moscow Principality, since then, the city has been actively developed.
Where did the name of the city? - this question is controversial, but put forward the following viewpoint: in the early Kaluga was the name of the area in which the city is located. The word "Kaluga" and "kaluzhka" with old means "swamp" or "bog". Another version of the origin of the name: from the phrase "about meadows", which was written "eye-Luga". In the Finno-Ugric language, there was the word "kaliga" meaning - "a desolate place in the woods."
There are also other versions of the origin of the name of the city of Kaluga, for example, from people's names. According to legend a long time ago in a local forest were a bunch of thieves, headed by a robber named Kaluga.
After the crackdown, this gang, this place has established a town called Kaluga in honor of the expulsion of the robbers. 17 century — the beginning of hard times for Kaluga. At this time the city was hiding the false Dmitry II and Maria Mnishek. In the end, the false Dmitry was killed near Kaluga. In 1618 the town defeated the Cossacks, as a result of the massacre of the greater number of residents were killed.
The city suffered heavily in economic terms and was even exempted from tribute for three years. Two years after the defeat of the city was set on fire.
In 1649, the village of Spasskoe became part of Kaluga, and later in 1654 from the terrible epidemic claimed more than half of the residents of the city.
At the same time began to improve the production of the metal. Soon in Kaluga was one of the first iron foundry plants in Russia. After the Church split, the center of which was Kaluga, the city lost the status of a city-gate. In the 18th century, Kaluga was one of the constituent cities of the Moscow province and the center of Kaluga province.
But the city's population is not growing, as the city came the famine, the fires, and after the plague. But in 1775, Catherine the great visited Kaluga, which saw the emergence of the preconditions for the development of the city.
By the end of the 18th century, was discovered a large number of educational and cultural institutions. The development of the city also affected the location. Began to actively develop trade and industry, resulting in Kaluga began to provide substantive support rear troops, for which he received the thanks of the field Marshal Kutuzov.
After a sudden shallowing of the river Oka, which was the main trade route for the city, the importance of Kaluga suddenly decreased, and the population was reduced to sixty thousand people.
In Soviet times, began a new stage in the development of Kaluga in which the city again became a center of industry. In the mid-20th century, the population was a hundred thousand people. Actively began to develop machinery. After the occupation of Kaluga has become one of the main suppliers of trained soldiers.
In 1944, Kaluga was the center of the base of the Kaluga region.
Today in Kaluga the most advanced engineering and automotive. Kaluga — it is a historical center of Russia, holds many monuments of culture and architecture. Many political and cultural figures associated with the city of Kaluga.
It is impossible to imagine Russia's history without the city of Kaluga. During the great Patriotic war was the battle for Kaluga, which was part of the battle for Moscow.
Kaluga is associated with the following names: Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoy, Turgenev, Chizhevsky, Tsiolkovsky and many others.
The largest industrial enterprises of Kaluga is a machine-building plant, turbine plant, an Electromechanical plant, auto electric, plant synthetic fragrances, plant Kalugapribor, a plant of Telegraph apparatus, a match-furniture factory "Gigant", radiolampovogo plant, sewing Association "Kaluzhanka", distillery "Crystal", and many others.
Among educational institutions, it should be noted Kaluga state pedagogical University named after Tsiolkovsky, Kaluga branch of Moscow state technical University named after Bauman, Agricultural Academy named after Timiryazev and others.
Modern Kaluga characterizes the quiet country lanes, ancient churches, high-rise buildings, beautiful nature, plenty of shops, small shops, factories. Tourists and everyone who was ever in the city of Kaluga left only with positive emotions.
Where did the name of the city? - this question is controversial, but put forward the following viewpoint: in the early Kaluga was the name of the area in which the city is located. The word "Kaluga" and "kaluzhka" with old means "swamp" or "bog". Another version of the origin of the name: from the phrase "about meadows", which was written "eye-Luga". In the Finno-Ugric language, there was the word "kaliga" meaning - "a desolate place in the woods."
There are also other versions of the origin of the name of the city of Kaluga, for example, from people's names. According to legend a long time ago in a local forest were a bunch of thieves, headed by a robber named Kaluga.
After the crackdown, this gang, this place has established a town called Kaluga in honor of the expulsion of the robbers. 17 century — the beginning of hard times for Kaluga. At this time the city was hiding the false Dmitry II and Maria Mnishek. In the end, the false Dmitry was killed near Kaluga. In 1618 the town defeated the Cossacks, as a result of the massacre of the greater number of residents were killed.
The city suffered heavily in economic terms and was even exempted from tribute for three years. Two years after the defeat of the city was set on fire.
In 1649, the village of Spasskoe became part of Kaluga, and later in 1654 from the terrible epidemic claimed more than half of the residents of the city.
At the same time began to improve the production of the metal. Soon in Kaluga was one of the first iron foundry plants in Russia. After the Church split, the center of which was Kaluga, the city lost the status of a city-gate. In the 18th century, Kaluga was one of the constituent cities of the Moscow province and the center of Kaluga province.
But the city's population is not growing, as the city came the famine, the fires, and after the plague. But in 1775, Catherine the great visited Kaluga, which saw the emergence of the preconditions for the development of the city.
By the end of the 18th century, was discovered a large number of educational and cultural institutions. The development of the city also affected the location. Began to actively develop trade and industry, resulting in Kaluga began to provide substantive support rear troops, for which he received the thanks of the field Marshal Kutuzov.
After a sudden shallowing of the river Oka, which was the main trade route for the city, the importance of Kaluga suddenly decreased, and the population was reduced to sixty thousand people.
In Soviet times, began a new stage in the development of Kaluga in which the city again became a center of industry. In the mid-20th century, the population was a hundred thousand people. Actively began to develop machinery. After the occupation of Kaluga has become one of the main suppliers of trained soldiers.
In 1944, Kaluga was the center of the base of the Kaluga region.
Today in Kaluga the most advanced engineering and automotive. Kaluga — it is a historical center of Russia, holds many monuments of culture and architecture. Many political and cultural figures associated with the city of Kaluga.
It is impossible to imagine Russia's history without the city of Kaluga. During the great Patriotic war was the battle for Kaluga, which was part of the battle for Moscow.
Kaluga is associated with the following names: Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoy, Turgenev, Chizhevsky, Tsiolkovsky and many others.
The largest industrial enterprises of Kaluga is a machine-building plant, turbine plant, an Electromechanical plant, auto electric, plant synthetic fragrances, plant Kalugapribor, a plant of Telegraph apparatus, a match-furniture factory "Gigant", radiolampovogo plant, sewing Association "Kaluzhanka", distillery "Crystal", and many others.
Among educational institutions, it should be noted Kaluga state pedagogical University named after Tsiolkovsky, Kaluga branch of Moscow state technical University named after Bauman, Agricultural Academy named after Timiryazev and others.
Modern Kaluga characterizes the quiet country lanes, ancient churches, high-rise buildings, beautiful nature, plenty of shops, small shops, factories. Tourists and everyone who was ever in the city of Kaluga left only with positive emotions.
More details
popular camerasshow all
Stavanger, a town in the commune of Norway, located in the South-Western part of the country, on the Peninsula, rich in minerals. Tanager combines the influence of foreign organisations such as NATO and oil companies. The camera will shoot the harbour and the promenade of the city.
Stavanger, Norway
Sultanahmet or Blue mosque is a work of art of Turkish-Islamic architecture. Its construction began in 1609, the construction work took seven years to a 19-year-old Sultan. The name of the mosque was, due to its interesting and unique finish.
Istanbul, Turkey
A webcam broadcasts the district of Tosmur - quiet location in the Eastern part of Alanya, located only five kilometres from the city centre. Its rural way of life and the beauty of untouched nature attract tourists.
Alanya, Turkey
Shark Island or in English of Shark island, located in the harbour city of Sydney, the suburb of Point Piper. The locals, the natives named the island Boambilly, which translated means Shark island. After all, this name is not casual, because it's mean and looks like a shark fin.
Sydney, Australia
The webcam is installed on site Alva. Tsaghkadzor ski resort town in Armenia. Tsaghkadzor is a beautiful mountainous area among deciduous forests, with a pleasant winter climate, and clean fresh air. The highest point is 1800 meters. The truss type is a classic, divided into three.
Tsakhkadzor, Armenia
